Irritable bowel syndrome is often called IBS for short- it the MOST commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal complaint and is the most common reason people are referred to outpatient gastroenterology clinics.

Irritable bowel syndrome affects 1/5 people in Ireland and affects twice as many women more than men. 50% of patients are aged over 35 years and 40% are between 35-50 years.

What is it?

It is a condition where people complain of loose/frequent stool, constipation, bloating, abdominal cramping and pain, symptoms brought on by food and symptoms that can change over time.

How is it diagnosed?

It is often diagnosed by having 2 out of the below:

• Symptoms improved by opening bowels
• Onset associated with frequent bowel movements
• Change in stool appearance

How is it investigated?

It is often diagnosed by excluding other illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis), coeliac disease and colon cancer. Diagnosis can involve bloods and a referral for an endoscope/colonoscope (camera tests of the stomach and bowels).

Why does it happen?

It fully understood but can involve multiple factors such as genetics, problems within the gut itself and food (which in itself can be a trigger).

How is it treated?

It is treated by lifestyle and pharmacological methods:

Lifestyle measures:

• Exercise (research shows as little as a 20 min walk/day can improve symptoms)
• Dietary measure (balanced healthy diet)
• Some patients may be recommended a special diet (i.e. FODMAPS)
• Alternative measures such as acupuncture, homeopathy (little evidence to support these)
• Increase fibre in diet

Pharmacological measures:

• Laxatives (if constipated)
• Anti-motility agents (to reduced frequency of loose stool)
• Probiotics to improve gut motility
• Anti-spasmodics (relax the gut smooth muscle)
• Antidepressants (evidence shows useful in moderate & severe IBS and is independent of antidepressant action)

If you are worried you may have irritable bowel syndrome, contact your GP.